Human: Ethics and Corporate Governance Essay

Business morals at Chancellor College has as its fundamental target offering suitable hypothetical and down to earth arrangement in morals as applied to the setting of corporate administration. This goal is inspired by our enthusiasm at setting up our understudies for the different difficulties they will experience in their different organizations which they will attempt. We accept as a college that their accomplishment in business is mostly dependant on their insight and reasonable availability in defying moral issues which will be a vital part of their regular involvement with work place. Desires It is normal that toward the finish of our course, understudies will be equipped for exhibiting their comprehension of the accompanying: the essential thoughts with regards to morals; corporate Governance when all is said in done; and the use of moral experiences in corporate administration. The college expects further that the understudies will build up the individual capacity to know how they can apply the different bits of knowledge learned in their own exercises after their graduation. Recommended Texts1 1. Shaw, WH (2005): Business Ethics Thomson Wadsworth, Bangalore. India 2. Crane An and Matten D (2004): Business Ethics. Oxford University Press. New York. USA 3. Velasquez MG (2004): Business Ethics (Concepts and Cases). fifth Edition. Prentice Hall. New Delhi. India. Different writings will be given along with the remainder of the module. 1 NB: This is adapted by what we have in the library. 3 Business Ethics: Revision 0. General Introduction Welcome back to my talks on Business Ethics after an extended vacation of the supposed Academic Freedom. I am mindful of the way that the vast majority of you have gone in reverse mentally, yet we will attempt to get up to speed. I will trade by making you mindful of the significance of our talks or this field of study. Expanding ebb and flow research with regards to business contemplates has demonstrated an extraordinary enthusiasm for understanding and growing further the issue of corporate administration, for example, O’Donavan’s ‘A Board of Corporative Governance’, Aras G and Crowther D. chip away at Culture and Corporate Governance [2008]; Coley J. ‘What is Corporate Governance’ [2005]; Monks R. A. G and Monow Nell’s work ‘Corporate Governance’ [2008]; and numerous others. This enormous enthusiasm for corporate administration recommends the centrality of getting organizations and the occupant components in doing any business. Undoubtedly for our business to succeed requires an exhaustive information on the different instruments in this specific situation. Mindful of the centrality of corporate administration, this course along these lines recommends examining a part of this subject is, the comprehension of morals inside this specific circumstance. This examination falls under the general investigation of morals with regards to business contemplates, regularly known as business morals. The course has five sections as demonstrated in the course plot above. The initial segment manages a hypothetical introduction of morals. This is aimed at acquainting the understudy with the moral hypotheses and standards which are then reflected with regards to corporate administration. The subsequent part builds up a hypothetical comprehension of what business is, through the investigation of the general parts of ‘corporate governance’. This is expected at going about as a foundation where experiences from morals are talked about. The third part talks about morals inside the organizations. It concentrates more on how organizations use morals in their frameworks as a principal segment.

Traficant essays

Traficant articles Prior to taking statewide office, recently chose authorities, judges, designated commission individuals and office executives, and extraordinary law authorization officials are required to make a vow of office from any individual in the state approved to control vows. Officeholders each seriously pledge to help, comply, and guard the Constitution of the United States to release the obligations of the workplace with constancy. Notwithstanding the sacred necessities refered to above, state authorities must comply with government rule to make and document the necessary vow of office (U.S. Code, Title 4, areas 101-102). Different state rules likewise require explicit state officials to make and record the vow of office: i.e., unique law authorization officials; organization executives; and individuals from sheets, gatherings, boards, commissions, and so forth. These rules and approaches likewise require numerous different authorities to make the sacred vow of office before starting their obligations (Oaths of Office). At the point when James A. Traficant spoke to himself in his excusal from the House he unmistakably expressed his guiltlessness. In the national news there was the $150,000 animal dwellingplace expansion they blamed me for, you additionally heard on the news, which was the main national report that I was engaged with was a homicide conspire by contract, however there is no physical proof to excuse me (Your Congress). James Traficant' didn't committ extortion and take cash. While different legislators utilized strategies crusade donations,speaking expenses, book propels and other shrouded ways, he adhered to his customary techniques (free trafficant). He needed to make a vow like I expressed previously. A man who maintains an administration position must speak to that position with genuineness and character. He didn't do anything incorrectly, others get in a tough situation and never got, though he has one little issue and the House excuses him, its not reasonable ( Free Traficant). ... <!

Phobia Symptoms, Types, and Treatment

Phobia Symptoms, Types, and Treatment Phobias Print Phobia Symptoms, Types, and Treatment By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Megan Maloy/Photodisc/Getty Images More in Phobias Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Types Prevalence Treatments View All Back To Top According to the American Psychiatric Association, a phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation. In most cases, the phobia involves a sense of endangerment or a fear of harm.?? For example, those with agoraphobia fear being trapped in an inescapable place or situation. Symptoms Phobic symptoms can occur through exposure to the feared object or situation, or sometimes merely through thinking about the feared object. Typical symptoms associated with phobias include: Dizziness, trembling, and increased heart rateBreathlessnessNauseaA sense of unrealityFear of dyingPreoccupation with the feared object In some cases, these symptoms may  escalate into a full-scale anxiety attack.?? In response to these symptoms, some individuals may develop social anxiety disorder (SAD)â€"previously known as social phobiaâ€"and begin to isolate themselves, leading to severe difficulties  with functioning in daily life and with maintaining relationships. In other cases, such as with hypochondriasis, a person may seek out medical care due to a constant concern with imagined illnesses or imminent death. Types The American Psychiatric Association defines phobias as anxiety disorders and categorizes them into three different types: Social phobias involve a fear of social situations. Such phobias include an extreme and pervasive fear of social situations. In some cases, this fear may center on a very particular type of social situation such as public speaking. In other instances, people may fear to perform any task in front of other people for fear that they will be somehow publicly embarrassed.Agoraphobia involves a fear of being trapped in an inescapable place or situation. As a result, the phobic individual may begin to avoid such situations. In some cases, this fear can become so pervasive and overwhelming that the individual even fears to leave their home.?Specific phobias involve the fear of a particular object (such as snakes or butterflies  and moths). Such phobias typically fall into one of four different categories: situational, animals, medical, or environmental. A few examples of common fear objects include spiders, dogs, needles, natural disasters, heights, and flying. More examples of the four major types of specific phobias?? include: The natural environment: Fear of lightning, water, storms, hurricanes, tornadoes,  or  mudslides.Animal: Fear of snakes, rodents,  cats, or  birds.Medical: Fear of seeing blood or visiting a doctor.Situational: Fear of bridges, leaving  home, or driving. Prevalence According to the National Institute of Mental Health, social anxiety disorder affects about 7 percent of adult Americans in a given year and specific phobias affect approximately 9 percent. In general,  women are affected more than men.?? According to the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual  of Mental Disorders, only about 10% of reported phobia cases become life-long phobias. Treatments There are a number of treatment approaches for phobias, and the effectiveness of each approach depends on the person and their type of phobia.   In exposure treatments,??? the person is strategically exposed to their feared object in order to help them overcome their fear. One type of exposure treatment is flooding, in which the patient is confronted by the feared object for an extended length of time without the opportunity to escape. The goal of this method is to help the individual face their fear and realize that the feared object will not harm them. Another method often used in phobia treatment is counter-conditioning. In this method, the person  is taught a new response to the feared object. Rather than panic in the face of the feared object or situation, the person learns relaxation techniques to replace anxiety and fear. This new behavior is incompatible with the previous panic response, so the phobic response gradually diminishes. Counter-conditioning is often used with people who are unable to handle exposure treatments and has been effective for treating children and adolescents.??? Finally, for both adults and children with social phobia, medication like a low dose of a benzodiazepine  or potentially an antidepressant (like a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or SSRI) in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy can prove helpful.?? Find Support With the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs A Word From Verywell If you think you may have a phobia, please seek out treatment from a licensed therapist, psychologist, or psychiatrist. You deserve to develop control of this fear, and you can with proper therapy.   Misconceptions and Facts About Phobias

Reconstruction and Industrialization - 1446 Words

Assignment 1: â€Å"America’s Post-Civil War Growing Pains† Reconstruction and Industrialization 1865-1900 Four years after the first shots were fired at Fort Sumter the Civil War ended with the Union’s Victory over the Confederacy. Though the war was over, there were still many problems that needed to be resolved in order to reunite the states as a nation. The time period in which steps were taken to rebuild the nation is known as reconstruction. Reconstruction lasted from 1865 until 1877. The influence of reconstruction can be seen in the society and also in politics during that time period. Following Reconstruction the nation had to rebuild its economy; industrialization brought in more factories and industries which helped to†¦show more content†¦292). The expansion of railroads was also a great advancement made during the industrial revolution. Railroads were built throughout the country and allowed for good to be transported more easily, cheaper, and more reliable (Schultz 2012, p. 293). With industrialization came more jobs, and because majority of industriali zation occurred in big cities this encouraged farmers to leave the fields and moved to cities to work in factories (Schultz 2012, p. 293). With the constant growth of businesses and manufacturers in the north, the population of northern cities grew. In a forty year time span the population on New York City grew by 1.2 million people (Schultz 2012, p. 302). This growth was called urbanization. Since the cities were growing at such a rapid pace building developers cut codes and built make shift buildings called tenements for people to reside (Schultz 2012, p.302). Tenements were low income apartment buildings. These apartments were small and cramped and sometimes referred to as railroad flats because their layout was similar to that of the box railroad cars (Apartment House, Encyclopedia Britannica). With the high demand of materials and jobs factories were being built in the same manner as the tenements. These buildings did not follow building codes and resulted in many fires (Schult z 2012, p. 303). Perhaps one of the most devastating fires was that of the Triangle ShirtwaistShow MoreRelatedEssay on Reconstruction and Industrialization1259 Words   |  6 PagesReconstruction and Industrialization After the Civil War, the nation witnessed two major social-economic movements: Reconstruction and Industrialization, which changed the country completely and made it one of the greatest industrialized countries in the world. However, it changed not only the country, but also, the society, its way of life and traditions. The effort to rebuild the southern states and restore the Union was known as Reconstruction, a period that lasted from 1865 to 1877.Read MoreReconstruction through Industrialization in the United States: 1865-19001082 Words   |  4 PagesReconstruction through Industrialization in the United States: 1865-1900 The Reconstruction Period Had Abraham Lincoln lived, the Reconstruction period no doubt would have been far different. The first way that Reconstruction would have been different would have been as a result of Lincolns famous sense of empathy. He no doubt would have exhibited a greater sense of empathy to the Southern states and would have sympathized more greatly with their rebuilding process, in all likelihood, attemptingRead MoreTurning Points in History 1900s1080 Words   |  5 Pagesthe White House. Because of Lincoln it is the duty of the President preserve, protect and defend the Constitution. (American President. , n.d.) Due to the assassination of President Lincoln the Radical Republicans forced their own plans for Reconstruction through Congress. If he had not been assassinated the Radical Republicans would of forced Lincoln out of office if he refused to go along with their plans. If President Lincoln had not been assassinated the Radical Republicans would have had aRead MoreThe End Of The 20th Century1544 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica has been shaped and how American’s think. In fact, industrialization and urbanization, equal rights for all citizens, and two world wars played a major role in the shape of America to our understanding. Although, there are numerous events that have shaped the country since the end of slavery throughout the United States, there are several that are viewed as signs of great change, such as the Reconstruction Era, the Industrialization Era, World War I and World War II, the Great Depression EraRead MoreAmericas Post-Civil War Growing Pains1122 Words   |  5 Pages| America’s Post-Civil War Growing Pains | Assignment 1 | Michelle Lepri | Professor Lisa Hawkins | 7/20/2012 | There were two major turning points during this period were the Reconstruction and Industrialization. The civil wars ended in 1865 and with the end of the civil war bought Reconstruction to the south from 1865 to 1877. The physical rebuilding of the southern region began quickly and progressed rapidly, but reconstructing southern society was much more difficult process, especiallyRead MoreThe History of America1061 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ American History 1865-1900 Introduction Two major historical turning points during the post-Civil War period (1865-1900) were the dramatic rise of industrial America (industrialization) and the development of the American West. This paper reviews and critiques those developments Two major turning points: the rapid growth of American industry settlement of the West. The Library of Congress (LOC) reports that the U.S. emerged after the Civil War as an industrial giant; the industries thatRead MoreGlobalization : The First Phase Of Economic Globalization964 Words   |  4 Pagesin the developing world: the first phase occurred during 1800-1914. It focused on the flow of capital from the West. The second phase in a broader scheme was focused around import substitution industrialization. Where developing countries restricted the imports in order to increase domestic industrialization. This period lasted from 1930 to 1980. The third phase includes a broader reintegration. This started during 1980s and continues to this day. This period has focused on a vast economic liberalizationRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War792 Words   |  4 Pageswithdraw the troops from the South in return for the disputed electoral votes, Reconstruction was virtually over and Jim Crow laws started appear. The attempt to transition blacks into the Southern society had failed since the former elite directly opposed the laws created by the government. During the Jim Crow period of American race relations blacks lost many of their civil liberties they gained during Reconstruction. Segregation, discrimination, violence, and white supremacy were all every dayRead MoreEssay on The Triumphant Reconstruction508 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Of the many trials and tribulations that occurred during reconstruction we are faced with determining whether it was a success or a failure. Many good things and bad things happened as a result of reconstruction. . Although some setbacks and tragedies did happen as with any project of this size would. The entire effort overall was successful. Although it did not accomplished what it was set in place to do. The act changed the course of history for the betterRead MoreThe Ultimate Causes Of The American Civil War941 Words   |  4 Pagesdivision, secession, and civil war â€Å"(Stokesbury 3) the South felt threatened when it came to slavery. There were also economic differences between both regions. The Southern states were agrarian states, which depended on agriculture rather than industrialization. â€Å"Slavery was essential to the South’s agrarian economic system, dedicated to producing raw materials for manufacture by others.† (Axelrod 15) After the Cotton Gin was invented, it increased the need for slaves and made cotton the chief crop

Essay on Why Is Religion Important - 1417 Words

In this essay we will discuss the importance of religion in society. We will attempt to explain why societies have religions and what functions their belief system has for them. We will also ask if these functions are now out-dated and if religions have any meaningful function in todays world or are they just stained glass windows into a bygone era? Religion can be defined by two main groupings. The inclusive definition covers all topics and subjects of a persons life including, not only, their belief in a deity but also their belief and belongingness to music, sport and any other interests the person may hold. The exclusive definition refers to just their belief system regarding a supra-human (Browne 2005, p. 311). It is mainly†¦show more content†¦The church was able to explain why such devastation had happened and gave the social masses an explanation to something they could not fathom. The church used this opportunity to gain the respect and belief of the Irish public (L arkin 1984). Religious identity can come in two forms, one from a nation of people all believing in the same values and another from the personal view of each individual or family within that nation. In a family or local community sense, it ties the smaller community together against its neighbouring ethnicities. It provides a feeling of togetherness and strength for the society. It is the basis for ethnic honour: the excellence of ones own customs and the inferiority of alien ones (Weber, cited in Bruce 1996, p. 96). Religious identity brings great pride and hope to the citizens of any particular society and lends itself towards social cohesion (Browne 2005). In a national sense, religious belief and identity can separate whole nations from one another, like in the case of Ireland and England, one of the defining differences is our belief in a different branch of Christianity. This can have disastrous effects on the world as a whole. Religion can be held accountable for the majorit y of warfare and bloodshed in the world today as nations attack each over their differing beliefs and ideals. Many nations will use religion and beliefs to try to justify the awful atrocities they commit on one another. In this sense, religionShow MoreRelated Why Is Religion Important?995 Words   |  4 PagesThis is my simple religion. There is no need for temples; no need for complicated philosophy. Our own brain, our own heart is our temple; the philosophy is kindness. -- Dalai Lama In a world where religions plays such a major role in people’s lives, it is not surprising why it is such a major focus in the way choices and decisions are made. There are many religions throughout the world. Some are faiths with a very concentrated following in specific geographic areas, while others span the entireRead MoreEssay on Why Is Religion Important?579 Words   |  3 Pagesopened for you. --Jesus Christ Whether you consider yourself a religious person or not, or whether you think religion has played a positive or negative role in history, it is an incontrovertible fact that from the beginning of time, humans have engaged in activities that we now call religion, such as worship, prayer, and rituals marking important life passages. Moreover, religions have always asked fundamental questions, such as: What is the true meaning of life? What happens to us after deathRead MoreEssay on Why Religion Is Important1017 Words   |  5 Pagesespecially in small-scale societies. An exploration of Christianity, Judaism, Islam, or any other major religion is beyond the scope of this essay. The approach taken is that of cultural relativity--religious practices or beliefs are not evaluated in terms of their correctness or sophistication but, rather, in terms of their function within the societies that have them. What is Religion? A religion is a system of beliefs usually involving the worship of supernatural forces or beings. ReligiousRead MoreWhy Is Personal Meaning So Important For Individuals? How Can Religion Help One Find A Sense Of Meaning850 Words   |  4 Pages1. Why is personal meaning so important to individuals? How can Religion help one find a sense of meaning? Personal meaning is very important because it gives the individual the choice to explore what gives meaning to them. What gives meaning and fulfillment to one individual not necessarily does the same for a different individual. For instance, many find the meaning of life through their religion while atheist find fulfillment in other things different than religion. For many, religion continuesRead MoreWhy Is Personal Meaning So Important For Individuals? How Can Religion Help One Find A Sense Of Meaning853 Words   |  4 Pages1 Why is personal meaning so important to individuals? How can Religion help one find a sense of meaning? Personal meaning is so important to individuals because it is what makes them unique as a person. Everyone has their own meaning when it comes to religion, personal life and personal success and achievements. People find their own meaning is different aspects throughout their lifetime. For many people, religion continues to well serve as a provider of meaning. There are four criteria in whichRead MoreDifferentiating Between Faith and Religion Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesand why is it important? People believe faith is worth more to people then religion. The person may have the benefits of loving god and excepting him into that persons life without all the so called â€Å"work†. Many people believe that in order to accept God into the life of that person will need to have religion. But is that all wrong? People would rather use faith because they do not want to be apart of a religion. The mentality that people have is that all religions are the same this is why faithRead MoreReligion, Religion And Religion1418 Words   |  6 Pages When discussing religion, many people have different perspectives about religion beliefs and how to approach it. Religion is grouped in different sections such as, religion and spirituality, religion and philosophy, and religion and politics. Religion has many different views from different cultures because everyone approaches it differently with different beliefs also. To make something religion, is to have some type of belief in God, but everyone’s belief is different depending on the cultureRead MoreReligious Accommodation For Public Schools Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesReligion Debate Papers â€Å"Freedom of religion includes both the right to manifest beliefs and practices and the right to be free from state coercion or constraint in matters of religion ().† One of the most controversial places in which freedom of religion manifests itself is the public school. In order to protect freedom of religion, it is important to make sense of how a school must treat religion so the school does not compromise its role within society. This paper will establish current rulingsRead MoreReligion Toolkit Response By John Morreall And Tamara Sonn1616 Words   |  7 PagesReligion Toolkit Response p. 1-14 The introduction to The Religion Toolkit: A Complete Guide to Religious Studies by John Morreall and Tamara Sonn establishes the basic purposes behind studying religion. It tries to show its readers that religion may be a much broader and undefined topic than they might be expecting. The Religion Toolkit discusses how the academic study of religion differs from the normative study of religion, how religion is not clearly described, and how Religious Studies comparesRead MoreA Study Of Ethics And Morality Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesthis paper is to examine and clarify why, as humans, we should be concerned with the sexual morality of ourselves and others. While other major themes covered prior may not relate to all humans directly (such as abortion or the debate of taking a life), moral issues in sexuality are experienced by every member of humanity. In certain societies, the sexual behavior of a person is intensely dependent on the policies and rules of their religion. Even tho ugh religion serves as the mighty tradition holder

Chimney Sweeper Analysis Free Essays

Chimney Sweeper Context the poem childhood away from them to how he received a (background of Subject Matter the Introduction of Industrialism took many children’s pleasant childhood according to most sources. To the reader is that with the introduction of industrialism came the diminishing of many lives and childhoods as they were forced into slavery and work. Also, parenting can be see as a subject due to the fact in the first stanza, Blake mentions how one parent sold their child after the other passed away, honing how careless they were. We will write a custom essay sample on Chimney Sweeper Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The government Is also a target of this poem because of the fact that they didn’t attempt to stop child labor which occurred throughout the beginning of industrialism. The subject of innocence can be seen throughout this poem because of the slavery which occurred. With the slavery of children came the loss of their innocence. Style Onomatopoeia: Use this technique in words like â€Å"weep! † and repeatedly to help depict the situation which it is describing. Rhyme: In the form of ABA, the rhyme in this poem arks together with enjambment to help the poem flow smoothly. Foreshadowing: This technique is used through the words â€Å"And he opened the coffins set them free†. These words foreshadow the freeing of the enslaved children from working in the industrial factories. Colloquial language: The use of slang and informal words, such as â€Å"† and â€Å"opened†, help the poem run smoother and effectively emphasis the vowels within the words. The poets William Flake’s purpose to write this poem was to comment? ) beginning of industrialism, especially in terms of repose (social help the reader understand what it was like at the what children experienced. Industrial brought Jobs which needed filling, resulting in the slavery of children, so Blake is trying to tell us that it was wrong to strip the children of their innocence. Also, his use of first person in his writing helps create a more accurate experience in contrast to a second or third person view. Links to Romanticism Romanticism is about nature and how much the romantics worshiped it but it is also about industrialism and the effects which it brought. This mom focus’ on industrialism and what it meant for children. Blake talks about how a child was sold and forced into slavery to work in the industrial factories. Like how romanticism is about innocence, the children which Blake is referring to in this poem lost their innocence as soon as they were enslaved and forced to work at such a young. Also, the romantics loved nature and practically treated it as a religion, so when industrial factories were built over nature, like it would have been in the poem, the nature lost its innocence like the children. How to cite Chimney Sweeper Analysis, Papers

Porter Analysis of Victory Liner Inc free essay sample

Victory Liner Inc. is one of the largest bus transportation business groups in the Philippines the company was founded by Mr. Jose Hernandez and was passed to his sons and grandson. Today VLI servicing all key destinations in Northern Luzon as of today VLI deploys more than 1000 buses in its daily operations. During 80’s the company started purchasing real estate properties for use in operations such as terminals, maintenance stop, refueling stations and rest areas for passengers and crew. Boasting modern air conditions buses, victory liner fleet allows group to travel comfortably and in style. New development and products have been introduced by the company an online ticket ordering and delivery services is now available in the internet In 2007 Victory liner introduced a deluxe class available only in Baguio and Cagayan valley routes. In 2011 Victory liner initially equipped 50 air conditions buses w/ Sun broadband wireless Wi-Fi other wireless gadgets to log on to the internet making travel more productive and entertaining. We will write a custom essay sample on Porter Analysis of Victory Liner Inc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Victory liner constantly conducts safety checks of its buses to ensure that every ride is smooth and as entertaining as possible. This company valued their employees from managers to their staff and drivers. Because they believe that this person has a greater influence or impact w/ the different difficulties the Philippines economy is facing nowadays such as the volatile price of oil and natural calamities that cannot be foreseen. Victory Liner coaches are built by local bus body builders like Almazora Motors, Santarosa Philippines, Pilipinas Hino, and Del Monte Motorworks; as well as foreign coach builders like King Long and Yutong of China, and Kia and Hyundai of Korea. Victory Liner also has its own recapping plant. Training and Insurance Cost. 9. Petrol Cost. Customers/ Passengers preferences are also a barrier for entrants. It is possible for the customers/passengers to get those familiar and trusted one rather than to the newly introduced company. Especially in terms of transportation where safety is highly emphasize, which forces the entrants to spend higher cost on advertisement to build big names in bus transportation industry, overcome passengers preferences and acquire patronage from them. A new industry plays also a need to have product differentiation among established firms in the industry. Since bus transportation industry is a perfect monopolistic competition, entrants should have differentiation when it comes to services they offered. This also forces new entrants to spend much on innovating and improving their services. Improving and upgrading services offered by new entrant’s needs technological advancement which is another factors to decrease the threats of new entrants. It should have a specific and concrete marketing plan because established bus companies may have quality services, good business relationship w/ their supplier and passengers. A threat of new entrants is weak due to these certain barriers that reduce the rate of entry of new firms, thus maintaining a level of profit for those already in the industry. Competitive Rivalry – Strong Factors increasing the rivalry among competitive: -Many competitors -The government policies minimize the effect of price base competition -Customer loyalty -Similar service offered -Level of product/services differentiation Factors decreasing the rivalry among competitive. Other form of public transportation are more expensive Other form of public transportation have only limited geographical area A competitor gives strong impacts to the industry. High competitive industries generally earn low returns because the cause of competition is high. Bus transportation industry is a perfect monopolistic competition, due to similar services offered by firms. These services can be differentiated by implementing strategies to gain continuous customers loyalty. Government policies minimize the effect of price base competition. With this, price is not a big issue for customers to shift to other buses. The ability of customers to substitute is very strong, forcing each company to innovate more not only in services they offered but also with their routes availability, terminals, technological advancements and professionalism with their employees. These will strongly affect customer’s preferences. Profile of competitors We identified 5 of the major competitors of VLI Green Star Express Inc. is one of the largest provincial bus companies plying the Southern Luzon Region. Once known in older times as Laguna Transportation Company Inc. before it changed into its new name, this ompany plies routes from Sta. Cruz, Laguna to Manila and vice versa. This bus company is a sister of HM Transport Inc. , a Mercado-affiliated bus company. Philippine Rabbit Bus Lines, Inc. (PRBL) is considered one of the pioneering bus companies in the Philippines. It was founded in 1946. The companys area of coverage extends from Metro Manila to northern provinces of Pampanga, Bataan, ZambalesTarlac, Pangasinan, La Union, Benguet, Quezon, Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte, and Abra. Its main terminal in Metro Manila. Philtranco is a Philippine transport company servicing Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao routes. The company provides ordinary non-aircon, airconditioned, and executive bus services. Philtranco is also positioning itself as a cargo or document-handler, forwarder and carrier to its existing transport routes and destinations. Philtranco is also one of the largest bus company in the Philippines together with Victory Liner in northern part and Philtranco in southern part of the country. JAC Liner Inc. is one of the largest bus companies in the Philippines serving the riding public en-route to Southern Tagalog provinces which includes key destinations in the provinces of Laguna, Batangas, Quezon, Marinduque and Northern Luzon. JAC Liner Inc. presently renders ordinary and air conditioned bus transport, special and chartered services from and to Metro Manila to and from Lucena City and Marinduque. Recently, JAC Liner Inc. , Lucena Lines, Golden Dragon Express, and Solid North has equipped some of its buses Wi-fi access powered by PLDT. In short, passengers can surf the Internet while inside the bus equipped with Wi-fi. Buses equipped with Wi-fi Internet access are marked accordingly. Each bus has its unique password to gain access to Wi-fi. Vallacar Transit Incorporated is the largest land transport company in the Philippines. It comprises Vallacar Transit, Inc. , established in 1968, Rural Transit of Mindanao Inc. This family-owned and managed business has grown from a lone 14-seater jeepney plying a single route, to a conglomerate of transportation companies with a combined number of operating units of a little almost 3000 transport vehicles as of January 2010, operating in nearly 80 percent of the bus routes in the Visayas and Mindanao regions as well as some part of Luzon in the Philippines. The company pioneered inter-modal services between Negros and Cebu, Mindanao and Leyte, and Panay and Luzon. Today, the corporation presides over a transportation business with 7,500 direct and active employees, and 3,000 buses serving the island of Negros, Panay, Cebu, Samar-Leyte, Mindanao, and Batangas City. Bargaining Power of Suppliers – Moderate Factors increasing the bargaining power of supplier. The quality of some of the products supplied can impact the quality of the services offered by Victory Liner -Uniqueness of services and product offered Factors decreasing the bargaining power of supplier: -Many supplier available -Able to substitute Moderate switching cost of supplier ( the ability of supplier to drive up the prices of your inputs) The power of suppliers to drive up the prices of inputs of VLI is not too strong. VLI have moderate no. of suppliers locally and internationally. Availability to change and substitute is quite easy. If VLI decided to switch suppliers it could be devastating to the previous suppliers business. As a result suppliers are susceptible to the demands and requirements of VLI and hold a little power over the company. VLI is already 67 years in the business, enough to gain credibility and reliability in the industry. However, suppliers can have power over VLI when supplier’s product is an important input to them. Suppliers can exert power over the company by raising prices or reducing the quality of purchased goods and services so reducing profitability. This matter should not take for granted by the company and cope up with strategies to have continuous good relationship with their suppliers. Victory Liners fleet is composed of buses powered by engines built by leading brands.

Free Essays on Offensive Language

Offensive and Assaultive Due to the differentiating lifestyles and the changing values of today’s society, the line between assaultive and offensive language is unclear. To know the boundaries of certain people or groups is important when discussing particular issues or subjects that some hold close to heart. Figuring out these boundaries is a problem that people experience everyday. The audience judges what language is offensive and what is not. Then again, it is a subject that depends mostly on the ideas of the audience. For example, you would not discuss detailed sexual interactions with a kindergarten class. You would also not tell your grandmother how nice women’s breasts appear. These are all things that can be found offensive. Offensive language is rude, in that it is not polite or accepted in the place where it is being spoken. It disagrees with the personal beliefs of those who find it offensive. The line between offensive and assaultive language is so narrow and unclear that many of today’s disputes come by misinterpretations of both. Assaultive verbal language is at times taken simply as bad language or crude comments. It lies much deeper that many realize. To degrade something that many are proud of or hold dear to them is assaultive. It makes someone feel that they are less than what they are. If someone told a military general that the army was a waste of time, that would degrade the things he believes in. Telling a baseball player that sports are a waste of time is assaultive. Assaultive is anything that takes away from a person’s mental piece of mind. Telling someone that you will kill him or her is the more typical type of assaultive language, but there are many things such as petty name calling and childish insults that people never take into account. Many assaultive comments are taken for granted because in many places they are very common. It, however, is our constitutional right t... Free Essays on Offensive Language Free Essays on Offensive Language Offensive and Assaultive Due to the differentiating lifestyles and the changing values of today’s society, the line between assaultive and offensive language is unclear. To know the boundaries of certain people or groups is important when discussing particular issues or subjects that some hold close to heart. Figuring out these boundaries is a problem that people experience everyday. The audience judges what language is offensive and what is not. Then again, it is a subject that depends mostly on the ideas of the audience. For example, you would not discuss detailed sexual interactions with a kindergarten class. You would also not tell your grandmother how nice women’s breasts appear. These are all things that can be found offensive. Offensive language is rude, in that it is not polite or accepted in the place where it is being spoken. It disagrees with the personal beliefs of those who find it offensive. The line between offensive and assaultive language is so narrow and unclear that many of today’s disputes come by misinterpretations of both. Assaultive verbal language is at times taken simply as bad language or crude comments. It lies much deeper that many realize. To degrade something that many are proud of or hold dear to them is assaultive. It makes someone feel that they are less than what they are. If someone told a military general that the army was a waste of time, that would degrade the things he believes in. Telling a baseball player that sports are a waste of time is assaultive. Assaultive is anything that takes away from a person’s mental piece of mind. Telling someone that you will kill him or her is the more typical type of assaultive language, but there are many things such as petty name calling and childish insults that people never take into account. Many assaultive comments are taken for granted because in many places they are very common. It, however, is our constitutional right t...

Using the Spanish Verb Pedir

Using the Spanish Verb Pedir The verb pedir is used to refer to the making of requests and is typically translated as to ask for or to request. It should not be confused with preguntar, which usually means to ask a question. Translating Pedir Keep in mind that if using pedir to mean to ask for, you shouldnt translate the for separately, as its meaning is already included in the verb. If youre a beginner at learning Spanish, it may help you to think of pedir as meaning to request, because the sentence structure you use with that English translation may more closely mimic the Spanish sentence structure. For example: Mis hijas me pidieron que les escribiera un libro. Both  My daughters asked me to write a book for them, and  My daughters requested that I write them a book are good translations. The two English sentences have the same meaning, but the second one is worded more similarly to the Spanish. Here are some examples of pedir in action: El gobierno pidià ³ la ayuda para los damnificados por el huracn. (The government asked for help for the hurricane victims.) ¿Es malo si mi enamorada me pide dinero para resolver sus problemas? (Is it bad if my sweetheart is asking me for money in order to solve her problems?)No pidas eso. (Dont ask for that.)No pido el dinero para mà ­. (Im not asking for the money for myself.)Pidieron un coche y salieron de prisa. (They asked for a car and left in a hurry.) ¿Quà © pides para tu cumpleaà ±os? (What are you asking for for your birthday?) Note that pedir que is followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood: Te pido que me escuches. (Im asking you to listen to me.)Pediremos que se reconozca el resultado de la eleccià ³n. (We will ask that the outcome of the election be recognized.)Nunca he pedido que me manden estos libros. (I have never asked them to send me these books.) Although to request or to ask for nearly always works as a translation, in some contexts it is sometimes better translated with a different verb. For example, pedir  can sometimes have a stronger meaning than ask: Un tercio de los votantes pidieron un cambio radical. (A third of the voters called for a radical change.)Mi jefe con rabia pudo haber borrado los archivos. (My boss angrily demanded to have the files be erased.) Pedir can also be used to refer to the ordering of merchandise or services: Me pongo muy triste cuando quiero pedir pizza y no tengo dinero. (I get very sad when I want to order pizza and I dont have any money.)Lo pidieron tarde por internet y no llegà ³ a tiempo. (They ordered it late online and it didnt arrive on time.) Phrases Using Pedir Here are some common phrases using pedir: pedir un deseo: to make a wish.  ¿Quà © pasa con las monedas que tiramos en las fuentes cuando pedimos un deseo? (What happens with the coins we throw in fountains when we make a wish?pedir la mano de:  to ask for someones hand in marriage. Le pedà ­ la mano de mi esposa en la estacià ³n del tren. (I asked for my wifes hand in marriage at the train station.)pedir justicia:  to seek justice, to demand justice. Los manifestantes piden justicia para el hombre que murià ³. (The demonstrators are demanding justice for the man who died.)pedir la Luna:  to ask for the moon, to ask for something impossible. Nuestros clientes no piden la Luna. Simplemente quieren disfrutar de un servicio rpido. (Our customers arent asking for the moon. They simply want to enjoy quick service.)pedir perdà ³n:  To ask for forgiveness, to apologize. Me pide perdà ³n por haberme hecho tanto daà ±o. (She apologized for having caused me so much harm.)pedir permiso:  to ask for permission. Nunca l e hemos pedido permiso a nadie. (We have never asked for permission from anybody.) Conjugation of Pedir Keep in mind that pedir is conjugated irregularly, following the pattern of vestir. When the -e- of the stem is stressed, it becomes an -i-. For example, here is the conjugation of the present-tense indicative mood: yo pido (I request), tà º pides (you request), usted/à ©l/ella pide (you/he/she request), nosotros/as pedimos (we request), vosotros/as pedà ­s (you request), ustedes/ellos/ellas piden (you/they request).

Art in the Renaissance Period Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art in the Renaissance Period - Research Paper Example In this paper, I aim to clearly and succinctly discuss the unique characteristics of Renaissance art by highlighting on three aspects: firstly, the philosophical underpinnings that drove the movement toward humanism; secondly, the essence of human beauty and its translation to fine arts; and lastly, the purpose of a Renaissance artist in society. In the end, I wish to underscore that the unique articulation of the idealistic conception of human beauty—as brought about by philosophy—influenced many Renaissance artists in the creation of their individual pieces of art which all conformed to the achievement of ‘human perfection’. Historical Context of the Renaissance The Renaissance was a cultural revolution that began in Florence, Italy in 1400, and spread throughout Italy and the rest of Europe. Since the reinforcement of humanism became the central focus during this period, the artistic themes during the Renaissance shifted from the theological and the supe rnatural expression of the relation of God with His creatures to the individual empowerment and worldly experience of man. In this sense, the Renaissance reinterpreted the pagan classical literature and philosophy of the Greeks and Romans in order to challenge contemporary Catholic beliefs (Kreis A, 2009). It must be pointed out, however, that the Renaissance was triggered by the increasing sophistication of society during that time, as fuelled by economic growth, improvement in the educational system, and political stabilization (Haughton, 2004). Firstly, the construction of libraries and other educational hubs allowed people to gain more knowledge about the histories of past cultures, which paved the way for better appreciation of Greek and Roman cultures. Secondly, the maturing influence of wealthy families in Italy helped fund certain art projects, such as sculpture, painting, and architecture, and made them available for public viewing. Renowned families like the Medic Family o f Florence and the Sforza Family of Milan channeled in most of their personal savings to certain projects which were geared toward the beautification of cathedrals and small churches (Haughton, 2004). With this, it can be said that the Renaissance redeemed the status of liberal arts by discovering its special place in societal life. Beauty in Renaissance Art Since Renaissance art was focused on reviving the appreciation of human essence by underscoring the physical and spiritual facets of man, the success of such goal rested heavily on the exact articulation of human beauty. This idea consolidated the definitive characteristic of Renaissance art—that which is ‘beautiful’. As such, it is crucial to point out that although the definition of beauty was subject to both the artist’s and viewer’s interpretation, there were certain elemental features which Renaissance artists took into consideration during the creation of their art. From the perspective of sensible art experience, Renaissance painters and sculptors were able to incorporate other disciplines to enhance their artwork. For example, anatomical dissection led to new accuracy in depicting the masculine and feminine physiological features; mathematics developed the laws of perspective to position human figures into believable landscape; and chemistry blended new pigments to bolster the artistic impact (Haughton, 2004). These innovations can be seen concretely in Boticelli’

AAFES 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

AAFES 4 - Essay Example US Army and Air Force. Being a company with unique business model, AAFES conduct its advertising in unique way too. AAFES is not to active in using television and other media as active channels for advertising purposes however advertising is being done in direct way through the use of local means of advertising to the soldiers at the bases. Since AAFES is almost also a monopoly therefore advertising is not mostly done in its most conventional means. Sales promotion activities of the firm take place in store i.e. firm displays various sales promotional activities and items in house besides offering sales promotion on its website. The website of the firm provides different sales promotional activities for making a purchase on line. In store sales promotional activities involve displaying of different sales promotional material. Since AAFES is a sort of monopoly therefore it mostly utilizes direct marketing as one of the most important mean of promoting the firm’s products and services. However, this is not on the individual basis however it is done on the basis of the groups of customers i.e. army bases where soldiers are stationed. There is no personal selling done by the firm however it offers an opportunity for personal selling through its website where it offers different services and products customized to the individual needs and demands. Firm maintain good public relation activities which are also evident from the fact that recently it has recalled some of its products especially toys because of toxic issues in them. Public relations at the firm are also done through the issuance of a magazine The Exchange Post; through which firm tends to provide information about latest development at the firm. While analyzing the promotional mix of the firm, it is important to consider the unique business model and structure which it follow. It is a sort of monopoly which serves a very specialized and scattered target

The Age Of Refrigeration Environmental Sciences Essay

The Age Of Refrigeration Environmental Sciences Essay The ozone depletion potential is the ability of gases to degrade ozone if released into the atmosphere, and is compared against the value for CFC-11 (CCl3F), which was chosen to be 1. The halocarbon global warming potential, or greenhouse warming potential of a gas, is a calculation of how strongly the release of a certain quantity of that gas would contribute to global warming, via the greenhouse effect. Once again, it is compared against the value for CFC-11 (CCl3F), which has the value of 1. HFC-134a (1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluroethane, CF3CH2F), a widely used refrigerant, is more environmentally suitable than many other possible refrigerants. Firstly, its ozone depletion potential (ODP) is completely nonexistent, meaning that the release of HFC-134a into the atmosphere would not damage any more of the ozone layer. This is superior to many other proposed replacements to CFC-11, which often feature greatly lowered ODP, rather than zero ODP. HFC-134a also has a reduced halocarbon global warming potential (HGWP) of 0.25, a quarter of CFC-11s value. HFC-134a is not the lowest in this value, however. Some other possible refrigerants, such as ammonia and iso-butane (C4H10) have incredibly low, almost non-existent HGWP values. However, both of these gases (especially ammonia) can be considered toxic to humans, and both are flammable, leaving them liable to explosion from a spark if they were to leak from a refrigeration unit. Because of this, HFC-134a is therefore a more suitable modern refrigerant for domestic use. (Website 1) Q1ii) CCl2=CHCl, or trichloroethylene, can be converted to HFC-134a (also called R-134a) by carrying out several reactions in sequence. In the first part of the reaction, CCl2=CHCl is reacted with hydrogen fluoride (HF) to produce CCl2F CH2Cl. In the second part of the reaction, the CCl2F CH2Cl is reacted with 2HF to form CF3 CH2Cl, and then with another HF to created the HFC-134a (CF3=CH2F). This whole reaction process is shown in full below In order for HFC-134as usage to become widespread, its conversion from trichloroethene through industrial means needed not only to be feasible, but both cost and time effective as well. Firstly, the reaction process takes place within two separate chambers. One of the chambers is where the reaction products can be separated, allowing the HFC-134a to be isolated from dangerous, or otherwise unwanted products. The other chamber deals with recycling the trichloroethylene (CCl2=CHCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) used within the reaction, so they can be reused within subsequent reactions. This helps to make the HFC-134a conversion process more cost effective. A fluorination catalyst is also used in the reaction process, helping to make the conversion more feasible and time efficient. The conversion process also takes place at high temperatures (up to 400oC) and at super-atmospheric pressure to further ensure that it operates both cost and time effectively. (Website 1) Q2i) According to the research published in the article Regulating To Reduce Emissions Of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases from the Journal of fluorine chemistry, the chemical compounds which contribute the most to global warming are, in order: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), the ozone depleting substances (CFCs HCFCs), and then the fluorinated greenhouse gases, namely hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) Carbon dioxide (CO2), the gas most contributive to global warming, is a small atmospheric molecule that is a key component of our atmosphere as it is used in the carbon cycle of plants. Of all of the contributing gases, CO2 has the lowest global warming potential (GWP). However, due to the incredibly high production and release of the gas into the atmosphere, CO2 is still the leading cause of global warming. Methane (CH4) is another simple chemical structure, and is the main component of natural gas. Like CO2 it has a relatively low GWP, but is a major contributing factor to global warming due the large amounts of the gas released into the atmosphere. Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is an oxide of nitrogen, more commonly called laughing gas that is used for both anaesthesia and for its oxidizing effects. N2Os GWP is higher than methane and carbon dioxide, but its level of emissions is also much lower The ozone depleting substances, namely HCFCs CFCs, were incredibly common in the early days of domestic refrigeration, as they were non flammable, non toxic and inexpensive. They were quickly phased out from general use, however, when it was discovered that they had an extremely detrimental impact on the ozone layer. They also contribute to global warming, and though they were largely replaced by the use of other gases such as HCFs, they still contribute significantly to global warming. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are chemically similar to CFCs, but do not share their ozone destroying effects. As a result of this similarity and due to the inert nature of HFCs (non-flammable non-toxic in almost all cases) they are widely used as replacements for CFCs in a variety of domestic appliances and products. However, HFCs feature considerable global warming potentials (GWPs), making them a key contributor to global warming. Compound Compound Emissions (million tonnes) Global Warming Potential (100 year vs. CO2) GWP emissions (million tonnes CO2e) Percentage contribution to global warming (%) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 30800.00 1 30800 65.4 Methane (CH4) 350.00 21 7350 15.6 Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 11.00 310 3410 7.2 Ozone Depleting Substances (CFCs HCFCs) 0.60 8100 4860 10.3 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 0.14 2800 392 0.8 Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) 0.02 6500 130 0.3 Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) 0.01 23900 143 0.3 Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrocarbon derivatives, are another set of environmentally damaging compounds, especially when they are saturated and within the C1-C6 range. They are useful compounds in the electronics industry, though it is an aim that their usage is kept to the absolute minimum and only when no other compound would perform the desired function in their place. Like HFCs, they have a lower level of emissions, but a high GWP Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a technically diverse gas, useful for a diverse range of applications, but most commonly used as a dielectric gas in situations involving high voltages because of its dielectric strength and constant, its properties for arc (spark gap)-quenching and its suitability for use in transferring heat. Its level of emissions may be the lowest of all contributing gases, but its GWP is by far the highest. (Lindley, 2005) Emission values for these key compounds, and their percentage contributions to global warming, are shown in the table below. Table 1: Greenhouse gas emissions in the year 2000 [Adapted from table 1 (Lindley, 2005)] The relative dangers of certain molecules, in regards to global warming, can also be assessed via radiative forcing. Radiative forcing is the effects of the heat energy produced by solar rays being held within the atmosphere (most crucially between the lowest part of the atmosphere [troposphere] and the stratosphere) of earth, rather than escaping out into space. This effect is made worse by the over abundance of certain gases in this section of the atmosphere. Therefore, measuring the radiative forcing effects of certain gases can, in turn, help work out how much of an effect that molecule is having on global warming. A figure, showing the extent of radiative forcing effects for different gases is shown. Figure 1 (right): estimated radiative forcing effects of key gases from 1990-2015 [Figure 1 from (Lindley, 2005)] It is clear from the results shown that in order for the effects of global warming to be lessened, reduction in the emissions of these key contributing compounds would need to be carried out. Most crucially, the emissions of CO2 would need to be lessened, as it has the highest percentage contribution to global warming, as well as the largest radiative forcing value. The radiative forcing values for ozone depleting substances are also very large, but as these are being phased out and replaced by the fluorinated greenhouse gases (HFCs, PFCs. SF6), they are less of a concern. (Lindley, 2005) Q2ii) F-Gas regulation is a proposal designed to keep the usage of hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons under stricter control, so that their emission levels do not contribute any more significantly to global warming. This will be achieved through a variety of means, including: improved containment of gases, reduced and restricted gas usage and putting requirements on how these gases are destroyed. In some cases, a ban may even be placed on a certain gas, preventing it from being used for specific functions. Furthermore businesses that use produce or sell f-gases are required to disclose what quantities of F-gas they are using, creating and supplying respectively. In addition to this, those involved with F-gases will be trained on how to safely handle the gases and prevent any unnecessary leaks, and any significant use of F-gases must be labelled as such. These measures all serve the purpose of limiting the amount of fluorinated greenhouse gases that are leaked into the atmosphere, keep ing the percentage contribution of fluorinated greenhouse gases to global warming as low as possible. (Lindley, 2005) In accordance with these regulations, industrial refrigeration systems are now to be inspected on a regular basis. Details on these new procedures is found in the table below Table 2: Inspection schedules for refrigeration units of different capacities [Adapted from table 2 (Lindley, 2005)] Quantity of F-Gas in Refrigeration System Inspection Frequency (With No Leak Detection) Inspection frequency (With Leak Detection) Containing up to 30 kg (excluding airtight systems which contain less than 6kg) Once every 12 months Installation not required Containing up to 300kg Once every 6 months Installation not required (Presence of install halves inspection frequency) Containing more than 300kg Once every 3 months Installation mandatory (Presence of install halves inspection frequency) [Note: In the event of a leak, the system must undergo reinspection 1 month after the leak has been fixed] Also, the F-gas regulation stipulates that certain refrigeration applications must be banned completely. Details on those affected applications are shown in the table below. Table 3: Banned refrigeration applicants under F-gas regulation [Adapted from table 3 (Lindley, 2005)] Type of Gas Prohibited Usage Date of prohibition Fluorinated greenhouse gases Non-refillable containers Start of F-Gas Regulations Fluorinated greenhouse gases Windows for domestic use Start of F-Gas Regulations Fluorinated greenhouse gases Other windows One year after the Start of F-Gas Regulations Fluorinated greenhouse gases Footwear 1 July 2006 Fluorinated greenhouse gases Tyres Start of F-Gas Regulations Fluorinated greenhouse gases One component foams One year after the Start of F-Gas Regulations (except when required to meet national safety standards Hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons Refrigerants in non-confined direct-evaporation systems Start of F-Gas Regulations Perfluorocarbons Fire protection systems and fire extinguishers Start of F-Gas Regulations Hydrofluorocarbons Novelty aerosols Two years after the Start of F-Gas Regulations Q2iii) F-Gas regulations put restrictions on the many uses of fluorinated gases. One such restriction is that of HFC-134a in mobile air-conditioning units, such as those used in cars. The popularity of air-conditioning in cars has been rising steadily since the early 1990s, such that now over 80% of cars in Europe have this feature installed. While the HFC-134a system is much more efficient than the earlier CFC systems, using less than half of the 1.5kgs of gas that they used, and further research was being carried out in order to make more efficient systems, the EU has still decided to prohibit their future usage, having the use of the gas gradually phased out until 2017 when its usage is completely banned. This will have a considerable effect on the HFC134a industry as its usage in cars and other similar transport makes up a considerable part of their market. In turn, car manufacturers will have to develop new air-conditioning systems in cars, and this will drive up the cost of newer car models to counter development costs. (Lindley, 2005) 3) Ever since the realisation of mankinds negative impact on the environment, preventative measures have been put in place to try and reverse them, and several different pieces of legislation help to ensure that this is the case. The Montreal protocol, which banned the usage of CFCs and HCFCs, was created to help protect the ozone layer from further harm. In this regard, the protocol can be considered a success. Levels of ozone damaging gases in the atmosphere have been steadily falling, and it is estimated that the ozone layer could have repaired itself as early as 2050 (WMO, 2006). However, the replacement of CFCs and HCFCs with fluorinate gases to combat the destruction of the ozone layer lead to more environmental concerns, namely that these fluorinated greenhouse gases were making a significant impact on global warming. While the impact of these gases on global warming may be less than that of some other greenhouse gases (namely CO2) their effects are still considerable, and several pieces of legislation have been set up to try and decrease their usage. Firstly, the Kyoto protocol listed several fluorinated greenhouse gases, including HFCs, PFCs and SF6, along with CO2, CH4 and N2O, as gases that must have their levels of emissions decreased. The F-Gas regulation, making reference to the Kyoto protocol, set regulations on the usage of the HFCs and PFCs, helping to reduce their prevalence in society. Despite this, global warming problems continue to rise, thanks to increasing atmospheric levels of CO2. As long as CO2 is so prevalent in the atmosphere, reducin g the effects of comparatively less harmful fluorinated gases through legislation can only do so much in helping to combat the rising problems of global warming (Lindley, 2005 Website 2)

Benefits of Educating Employees

Is it possible for a business to increase productivity by offering workplace computer literacy training to their employees? This paper asked the question: Are there benefits to employers that provide workplace education and training, above and beyond increased competency? The answer, as reported by research, is a resounding yes. Benefits such as increased self-confidence, increased adaptability, flexibility, the willingness to accept change and increased success in job-related training plus increased skills were reportedly derived from the workplace competency training offered.Moreover these benefits translated into more productivity for the organization. Benefits of Educating Employees Introduction With the rapid changes taking place in our world economy, researching the question of workplace education benefits is significant. The question arose whether the workforce is sufficiently educated to compete in a global economy. The research pointed to competency as being imperative in to day's global economy, which implies an acceptance of computer competency. Education and competency training is defined as more than being able to work, but to make decisions.It is defined as being an important adjunct of technology. Education of skills, particularly computer competency and how they function gave the employees an overview of the system as a whole. It helped them understand how their machine worked and gave them an impetus to look for solutions themselves. This transcended into time saved and increased efficiency. The paper also indicated that companies which supported education in the workforce benefited because their employees exhibited improved self-confidence which translated into increased productivity and performance.More flexibility and a willingness to accept change were also deemed to benefits received from competency and skills training. Next point showed how computer literacy training benefited companies by helping their employees understand the computerize d equipment they were working on. This understanding translated into: increased self-confidence, increased adaptability and flexibility, increased production as well as the willingness to take other training and succeed at same. Education and training today does include competency and skills not only in offices but also on shop floors.The benefits to providing workplace competency and skills training to employees are multifaceted. It may lessen the time it takes for people to learn. Return on investment is always of interest to businesses and organizations. The paper illustrated how employees, managers, supervisors as well as trainers observed behaviors from participants in the training, which reflected savings and profit for the organization. Some of the benefits are: saving time, increased production, increased flexibility, willingness to ask questions and changed attitudes.The paper points out how important it is to prepare to evaluate the training at the beginning of a project i n order to determine what the organization is really trying to achieve with this specific training. The research concludes by looking at the organizational implications of offering workplace competency and skills training. Education and Competency Training Benefits There has been a great deal of information published on competency training done in the workplace.For example, in the 1997 report, The Impact of Basic Skills Programs on Canadian Workplaces: Results of a National Study for ABC CANADA Competency Foundation, the following information was reported. â€Å"The study consisted of in-depth phone interviews with 86 individuals from 53 workplaces that have had basic skills programs for at least one year. Sixty percent of the individuals interviewed were employer representatives and 40% were employee representatives. † (n. d. , The Benefits of Improving Competency Skills in the Workplace) The following are impacts to the workplace identified by the study: †¢ increases i n the quality of work – 84%†¢ increased work effort – 73% †¢ more competent use of technology – 87%. (ABC CANADA Competency Foundation, The Benefits of Improving Competency Skills in the Workplace, n. d. ) Bloom and LaFleur's (1999) report on improving competency skills through workplace education programs, indicates that â€Å"Although the impact of basic skills training on profits varies according to the value and shortage of a given skill or group of skills within a particular business sector, employers overwhelmingly report increased profits and other bottom-line benefits when their employees gain basic skills that enable them to work more effectively.† (p. 4) On page six of this report there is a list of eleven skills gained by employees who participated in workplace education programs as well as a list of twenty three organizational benefits gained by the employers. Willis (1994) reports that working with employees to expand workplace comp etency at the Peavey Electronics Corporation the following results were noted: â€Å"all employees had statistically significant increases in job performance with the areas of attitude, getting the job done, volunteering, doing extra, and dependability showing the most improvement.† (p. 25) U. S. Department of Labor (1992) states that: â€Å"A high-performance workplace requires workers who have a solid foundation in the basic competency and computational skills, the thinking skills, and in the personal qualities that make workers dedicated and trustworthy†¦ (p. 5). High-performance workplaces also require competencies: the ability to manage resources, to work amicably and productively with others, to acquire and use information, to master complex systems, and to work with a variety of technologies. † (p. 6)According to Dr. Harvey Krahn (1998) workplace competency programs target people with very low competency skills; however, if we look at competency as a contin uum, businesses will recognize that it will benefit them to develop competency in people at all levels in the workplace. Bloom and LaFleur research (1999) has shown that â€Å"improving employee's skills creates employees who work smarter and better and who cope well with change in the workplace, improves union/management relations and increases output and profitability. † (p.3) The above speak of all competencies being important in the workplace. What challenges arise for businesses if employees are not literate? Bloom, Campbell and Gagnon (2001) speak of competency as being a crucial role in corporate competitiveness and productivity. They talk of globalization threatening U. S. ‘s economy and of people being a prime competitive advantage in the new economy. They maintain that U. S. ‘s traditional advantage of having a skilled workforce is being threatened by other countries gaining knowledge and improving the competency skills of their workers.They list the ben efits to employers who work to increase the competency skills of their employees as: improved production and income, cost savings, better communication and employee retention as well as improved health and safety. For employees some of the benefits listed are higher income, more job security, less unemployment, improved self-confidence, more opportunities for job training, better attitude. (GAM, 2005) Benefits Specific to Computer Based Training The importance of computer training in today's workplace is shown by the following statistics. More than one-half of all workers in U. S. now use a computer on the job.Data from the General Social Survey, on which the article is based, show that an estimated 8. 3 million workers, or 57% of the total employed, used a computer at their main job in 2000, compared with 33% in 1989 (Marshall, 2001, pp. 1-2). Ginsbury and Elmore (1998, p. 2) point out that computer training can save employees time to â€Å"compile and manage large data†; th erefore, there is more time to spend on â€Å"creative, higher level work that that depends on the quick availability and quick manipulation of information†. They go on to say that much learning has been removed from the â€Å"objects of work whether a machine part, raw data or communication.† They speak of workers who fear technology or have difficulty learning new or upgraded technology as being liable to end up at the â€Å"lower end of a professional hierarchy. † Leckie, Leonard, Turcotte and Wallace (2001, p. 1) talk of work â€Å"evolving as the result of globalization, increased competition, the development of new technologies and other changes in the business environment. In the face of these trends, businesses are adopting new technologies and ways of organizing work to attain efficiency and productivity gains† (p. 9).They speak of businesses being wiser to retain their skilled employees rather than hire new, technically trained employees. They s uggest that computer training can promote employee movement within a firm. Then firms have the best of both worlds, an employee who is experienced with the organization and has upgraded skills. They talk of new technology requiring new skills to be able to adapt to changing markets. They point to â€Å"job rotation, flexible job design and work teams† (p. 11) as giving employers the flexibility to have employees that will be able to adapt to change.They point to the effect of technological training for employees – if they become unemployed they have an easier time finding a job. They speak of computer training as being able to help employees deal with change as well as help them improve their performance and add to job satisfaction. McNeill (2000, p. 3) talks of computer competency at the executive level, as being more than â€Å"just using email and pulling files off the Web and so forth. We live in an increasingly high-tech world and overnight redundancies have beco me the norm. Companies that can't assess these changes can easily get left behind.† He goes on to speak of downsizing and how computer competency is not listed as a reason to downsize; however, firms who have a choice of someone who is computer literate and someone of comparable skills that is not, will most likely choose to keep the person with computer skills. Computer based training attracts many and varied employees in the workplace. Most studies and papers state that computer training is beneficial to employees because it allows them the confidentiality to study what they need without others knowing. For instance there are many computer programs written which teach different skills.Also the training can be self-paced so there is no pressure to keep up. A bonus is if there are computer labs at work, employees can study when there is a suitable time in their schedule, such as lunch breaks, coffee breaks and before or after work. (Rae, O'Driscoll, 2004) I believe that traini ng and education, especially computer is and will continue to be, very important to both employers and employees. As the information society develops, information and the know-how based on it will become more and more decisive as factors of production.Networking based on the application of information and communications technology, especially telecommunications, is a major trend. As well as creating new ways of communicating and working, information technology has made possible new methods of producing and distributing products and services (UNESCO, 2002, section 2. 1). Technological competency—meaning computer skills and the ability to use computers and other technology to improve learning, productivity and performance—has become as fundamental to a person's ability to navigate through society as traditional skills like reading, writing and arithmetic †¦ (Selfe, 1998, p. 1).

Abstract. The Purpose Of This Literature Review Is To Compare

Abstract The purpose of this literature review is to compare the benefits and risks of electronic health records (EHRs). This literature review has provided different journal articles to compare the risks and the benefits of having electronic health records in a hospital. Some of the articles believe that the use of EHRs in a hospital will be more effective and helpful while others suggest that the use of EHRs in a hospital will not be beneficial due to the complications that may arise with it. The methods used will be comparing different journal articles and comparing them with each other. In conclusion, the use of electronic health records in hospitals will be beneficial for both patients and doctors because it allows the doctors to†¦show more content†¦The research problem is whether or not EHRs are beneficial for hospitals. Methods In order to be able to depict if EHRs would be beneficial or risky to use in hospital, there were several different journal article that were evaluated. There were different articles that used EHRs in hospitals and found it to be beneficial and there were hospitals that used EHRs and found that it caused several problems. The different articles talked about how the EHRs are going to benefit the hospitals so that they can get things done in a timely and effective manner. The articles that discussed the risks talked about the different problems that could arise when using EHRs in the hospital. The date limitations that were used is no older articles than 10 years old. The language limitations were a little difficult because there were many studies done in different locations other than the United States. Other limitations included many articles talked about the benefits and risks of having EHRs, but they did not give clear and concise examples. Findings In Aragon, Cortelyou-Ward, Noblin, Bullard, Talbert, Wilson, and Briscoe study, they discussed how the EHRs can be accessed easily and it is easily viewed by both the nurses and doctors (2014). Another article discusses the benefits of the HER systems. It allows for labs and healthcare professionals to easily communicate their information to each other. (Gluskin, 2014). Meyerhoefer, Deily, Sherer, Chou, Peng, Sheinberg, LevickShow MoreRelatedIntegumentary System Of Skin1308 Words   |  6 Pageshealing have varied. The written history of burn treatments began in 1500 BC and advancements in treatments have continued into the 21st century. Early burn treatment in 1500 BC involved using calf dung and black mud.5 There was a notable increase in literature on wound healing in the 20th century. In the late 20th and early 21st century, burn treatment began to vary based on depth of burn. 5 Skin grafts are a type of burn treatment that has evolved rapidly in the last hundred years. 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My Responsibility As A Risk Management Professional

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